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Atlas Shrugged?
Crossposted at Right Minds
Stephen Moore recently wrote a Wall Street Journal column comparing our current economic situation to the one described in Ayn Rand’s novel Atlas Shrugged. Moore writes that “[t]he current economic strategy is right out of "Atlas Shrugged… [A]s "Atlas" grimly foretold, we now treat the incompetent who wreck their companies as victims, while those resourceful business owners who manage to make a profit are portrayed as recipients of illegitimate "windfalls." This article was quite popular in the conservative blogosphere, and echoed what many conservatives feel about the economic condition.
My feelings about Atlas Shrugged are mixed—I hate the book, and consider it a literary enormity advocating an evil and stupid philosophy. Frankly, I can’t imagine how anyone could admire, or even finish, the book. But evidently there are people who can do both, and many people I admire, such as Rush Limbaugh, Charles Murray, and Clarence Thomas, are among then. So, evidently, the book has some value, though I can’t see it.
But whether or not Atlas Shrugged is worth reading, it is not a fifty-year-old prophecy for the present day. What is happening now is not very desirable—but it’s not socialism either. It is something quite different.
Actually, anyone who seriously thinks that what the federal government is doing right now is really socialism shows how little they understand of socialism. According to Wikipedia, socialism is “a set of economic theories advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods, and an egalitarian society characterized by equal opportunities for all individuals and a fair or egalitarian distribution of wealth.” The federal government is not guilty of any of these things.
There is no government takeover of production, nor of distribution. There is no “egalitarian distribution of wealth” (or at least no more than usual); on the contrary, President-elect Obama is pushing for tax cuts. So most of the conditions for socialism aren’t even close to being met here.
And more importantly, true socialism can be (very) broadly defined as government taking over business. But here, it’s the opposite (or at least very close to it)—business is taking over government.
For years, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac operated under the certain assumption that the federal government would bail them out if necessary, and they were right. All the banks and insurance companies that were bailed out simply asked Washington for the cash—there were few conditions placed upon the money. Even when the federal government partially nationalized nine of the country’s largest banks, the “nationalization” took the form of a massive cash infusion, more a gift than a seizure of assets.
When GM and Chrysler needed money, they jumped aboard the bailout gravy train. Did the government take over these corporations? Did it give them money with strings attached? Did it set rules for the companies to follow? No, it did none of these things. Instead, it forked over thirteen billion dollars essentially unconditionally, even though neither company changed its business habits in the least.
The federal government isn’t taking over private enterprise—if anything, the opposite is true. Big business is taking over, or at least looting, government. The federal government has spent around eight trillion on various bailouts, most of which inject money directly into failing companies. That isn’t socialism.
Of course, just because it isn’t socialism doesn’t mean that it’s desirable. The merger of government and corporations is usually called fascism, but true fascism usually gives the state more influence. (It’s hard to imagine Mussolini, or Franco, simply giving half of their countries GDP to corporations. They would almost certainly demand something in return). A better name, perhaps, would be corporatism, where the government is influenced by large interest groups.
In Ayn Rand’s novel, Atlas represents business, and the book revolves around the ways that business leaders fight against socialism. (If that makes the book sound interesting, it isn’t). But in America in 2009, Atlas isn’t shrugging off socialism’s chains—on the contrary, he’s using them to help support his burden.
Corporatism is no better than socialism, but it is different. (Biggest difference: socialism tries to bolster equality, corporatism tries to help the rich). It might not be much comfort to know that the federal government is embracing corporatism instead of socialism—but it is, I think, important to know the difference.


Comments
My former colleague...
...wrote a book on this topic.
Atlas shrugging
Wow, where to begin.
First, your argument regarding socialism is mere sophistry. Yes, the textbook definition of "socialism" is "state ownership of the means of production". And nobody is saying that Obama wants to nationalize all private industry (yet). Nevertheless one can still tend to believe that state control (not necessarily outright ownership) over private industry is a desirable thing. So the word "socialist" as an adjective is used to identify how desirable a person believes state control over industry would be. And that is how the word socialist is used colloquially. So when I and others speak of opposing socialism, I not only oppose the old-school idea of state ownership of the means of production, I also stand in opposition to the socialist mentality that greater government control over private industry is desirable.
Second, it truly is obvious that you didn't finish Atlas Shrugged since you've mischaracterized its message in a severe way. Did you even get past the first chapter? Atlas does not represent business. Atlas represents the entrepreneurs and innovators who invent new gadgets, run businesses, and create wealth; in fact Rand goes to great lengths to demonstrate the two are not synonymous. Hence the reference to the Greek legend of Atlas who is supposed to carry the world on his shoulders: it's the people who create wealth that make this world function. They are the producers. And it is when the non-producers (the looters and moochers) take the producers' work for granted and start making greater and greater demands of the producers, at some point the producers will say "it's not worth it" and simply stop producing. That is Atlas shrugging, in a very, very brief nutshell. I highly recommend finishing the book, if for no other reason that it will give you deeper insight into the minds of many of your opponents. As the saying goes, don't judge a book by its cover.
Third, you've managed to get fascism wrong too. Fascism held most of the same goals as socialism, except for its internationalism. Rather than the marriage of capitalism and corporations, fascism was the fusion of socialism and nationalism. Hence Nazi = "National Socialism". Everywhere that fascists came to power, they implemented things like a minimum wage, a fixed-length work week, abolition of child labor, women's suffrage, and old age pensions. Do these sound like things that greedy capitalists would ask for? Check out Goldberg's book Liberal Fascism. He makes a well-documented and compelling case against the commonly-held myth that fascism was some bastard form of capitalism.
Fourth, there were most definitely strings attached to the bailout money. First TARP limited executive compensation of all participating institutions. But more importantly, TARP established an "Oversight Board" and created a "Special Inspector General". What are they overseeing and inspecting? That's not really clear. It could be simply to prevent malfeasance. Or it could be a vehicle by politicians to demand access to every single transaction that the institution made. What's certain to happen is that the whole thing will become politicizied in the very near future. Furthermore the government now has partial ownership of each of these institutions via warrants. Even in the old-school definition of "socialism", that's socialism.
Finally, you raise dangers against corporatism, and good for you. It's the only reason I rated your article 1 star. But what to do about guarding against corporatism? A naive answer might be to increase government regulation over corporations so that they are forbidden via legal means to have so much direct influence. Yet this only increases state control over private industry, which moves us more in a socialist direction, and according to you corporatism and socialism are "equally bad". So that doesn't seem to be a good solution either. How about this: Roll back regulations on corporations. Don't try to micromanage their businesses. Let loose the innovative spirit of entrepreneurs everywhere so that they will be able to compete with the big corporations in a free market. A big reason corporations try to influence government is because government already has so many regulations on corporations, and they try to change those regulations in their favor; the fewer regulations government has, the less reason for corporations to attempt to influence government. Now we shouldn't allow corporations to try to distort the market in their favor via rent-seeking either. But neither we shouldn't punish corporations for the 'crime' of creating jobs and wealth.
But that is just my kooky free-market idea, you know, the one you think is 'stupid' and 'evil'. To each his own I suppose. Enjoy your socialist paradise while it lasts, because Atlas might actually shrug someday.
That has got to be...
...one of the dumbest things I've ever read about fascism. And considering that you've read Goldberg, I can understand why.
One thing that I discovered from reading Bertrand Russell is that the word "fascism" never caught on with the British so much. The word was considered to be too foreign-sounding to be used in polite conversation. Instead, they used the term "corporatism."
Hitler followed Mussolini's model, to some degree. There were "corporatives" that represented private industry at the cabinet level. Nothing socialist in that. The Nazis were socialists in name only. They were definitely capitalists.
and yet they supported unions too.
Look, it's easy. Hitler was a centrist politician, not a reactionary or radical. Centrism can rot too.
Will you believe Mussolini then?
If you won't believe Goldberg, will you believe Mussolini? Here are some choice quotes from The Doctrine of Fascism:
"Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception of life stresses the importance of the State and accepts the individual only in so far as his interests coincide with those of the State, which stands for the conscience and the universal, will of man as a historic entity. It is opposed to classical liberalism which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical function when the State became the expression of the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the name of the individual; Fascism reasserts The rights of the State as expressing the real essence of the individual. And if liberty is to he the attribute of living men and not of abstract dummies invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fascism stands for liberty, and for the only liberty worth having, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State."
"At the first quinquennial assembly of the regime, in 1929, I said 'The Fascist State is not a nightwatchman, solicitous only of the personal safety of the citizens; not is it organized exclusively for the purpose of guarantying a certain degree of material prosperity and relatively peaceful conditions of life, a board of directors would do as much. Neither is it exclusively political, divorced from practical realities and holding itself aloof from the multifarious activities of the citizens and the nation. The State, as conceived and realized by Fascism, is a spiritual and ethical entity for securing the political, juridical, and economic organization of the nation, an organization which in its origin and growth is a manifestation of the spirit. The State guarantees the internal and external safety of the country, but it also safeguards and transmits the spirit of the people, elaborated down the ages in its language, its customs, its faith. The State is not only the present; it is also the past and above all the future. Transcending the individual's brief spell of life, the State stands for the immanent conscience of the nation. The forms in which it finds expression change, but the need for it remains. The State educates the citizens to civism, makes them aware of their mission, urges them to unity; its justice harmonizes their divergent interests; it transmits to future generations the conquests of the mind in the fields of science, art, law, human solidarity; it leads men up from primitive tribal life to that highest manifestation of human power, imperial rule. The State hands down to future generations the memory of those who laid down their lives to ensure its safety or to obey its laws; it sets up as examples and records for future ages the names of the captains who enlarged its territory and of the men of genius who have made it famous. Whenever respect for the State declines and the disintegrating and centrifugal tendencies of individuals and groups prevail, nations are headed for decay'."
So, please explain once again how 'imperial rule' and collectivism have anything to do with capitalism.
Sure
Mussolini solidified his power in the early days by winning over the rural farmers with the threat of socialism, afraid of losing their farms.
So, if Mussolini was a socialist, why did the farmers support him when threatened with socialism?
under fascism the state ran the corporations
Yes - under fascism the state ran the corporations. That is just one bureaucratic layer away from outright state ownership of the means of production, i.e., socialism. And I would hazard to guess that farmers supported Mussolini for the same reason the majority of Italians supported Mussolini - because he was an ultra-nationalist, promising a return to Roman glory and empire.
On that point, I refer Cionfrocco
on the point that now all the leverage in the financial markets is held by a handful of DC insiders.
One point that will be discounted by the "Hope and Change" gang is that when you need high level government approval to do business in a community, the temptation to offer or accept graituties for services rendered becomes irresistable.
Sit down Adam Smith, Hello Richard Daley, Sr.
And friends....
...that is fascism rather than socialism.
The gov't does not own but 'manages' the means of production; ownership being held by a group of syndics, who profit in the private realm.
Just today, I finished a book on the history of philosophy. Each and every one, from Plato to Santayana, warned about the involvement of mercantilist is the government-- and all quite rationally, mind you. What one British official recently referred to a "the growth fetish."
When big business dictates the standards, we have no higher ideal.
F*ck freedom and punch the clock.
I'm not "as " worried
There has always been plenty of free enterprise in Cook County, IL . Tammany Hall's NYC, Billy Bulger's Boston, Louisiana, et al. It's just that there are also a lot of very wealthy people who need to be taken care of so you can do business.
That of course is why the much despised "laissez-faire" isn;t so bad. Businesses usually pay less to politicians to be left alone than to pay for each transaction, which is the going rate in a hackacracy.
That's what TR fought against
The 'pay-to-play.'
There can be no government of the people if only an aristocracy is considered.
Those syndics are our American aristocracy.
Gold
Oh man. It's articles like those that make me want to change all my money into gold and hide it under my mattress. Is this American experiment really coming to an end? Let's just surrender to the Chinese now and get it over with.
try silver
it's less prone to dramatic collapses, as it actually has industrial uses.
(also it makes a terrific inflation hedge)
Welcome to the REAL WORLD!!
how many companies, i.e. single decision makers, do you suppose held the financial leverage on the markets before??????
200. for more than three quarters market share of the entire stock market. And The big Five held most of that.
The rest? dumb money.
We have seen in the
We have seen in the "community" of Iraq, the use of private armies not subject to the constitution, and Blackwater, and Halliburton-Cheney's old company.
Responding to your points in
Responding to your points in order...
1. Strictly speaking, what Obama supports is not socialism. But even if we assume it is, that still doesn't mean that the bailouts, which so far have occured only under Bush, are socialist as well.
2. Sadly, I did finish Atlas Shrugged. I would say that, broadly speaking, the conflict of the book is between private enterprise (or business) against socialism (government). Granted, there were some anti-free enterprise businessmen, but I'd think it fair to say that Ayn thought they represented a corruption of what business should be.
3. I didn't mischaracterize fascism--rather, I said that the merger of government and corporations is usually considered fascism. Then I explained why this view is wrong.
4. If limiting execute compensation in bailed out companies is a string, then I'd think that the bailed out companies got a pretty good deal. The "strings" you cited aren't very strong, more like threads really.
5.I'd say that the best way to guard against corporatism would be to stop having government give businesses massive amounts of money. And to think that we used to think welfare queens were bad.
Two points
1. I agreed that Obama isn't advocating for traditional socialism. His policies (and Bush's policies too w.r.t. the bailout), however, are tending towards a more socialist viewpoint - that state direction over the means of production is more and more desirable.
2. "I'd say that the best way to guard against corporatism would be to stop having government give businesses massive amounts of money." Agreed. Which is why I think Republicans should stand foursquare against Obama's stimulus nonsense.
considering that the reason we have so many idiotic
regulations can be laid squarely at the foot of insurance companies....
How about this? The gov't is allowed to regulate industry to the extent that the regulation will support national security. Voila! We can have the environmental regs, we can regulate Big Business ... and quite naturally, the small businesses need much much less regulation. Because it is inconceivable that they would pose a large threat to national security.